Abstract：In the digital era，the security of computer network information has become a crucial support for national security，social stability，and economic development.However，the security threats in cyberspace are increasingly severe ， and vulnerabilities ， as a key factor ， cannot be ignored in terms of their existence and impact.Vulnerabilities involve multiple aspects such as system design，programming implementation，configuration management，and user operations，with complex and diverse causes.In order to prevent vulnerability risks，it is necessary to adopt comprehensive repair strategies and build a security protection system，which is of great significance in reducing security risks and protecting the security of private data.