Abstract：Phage display technology is a high-throughput method for studying gene functions，protein expression and their interactions. It mainly involves inserting the DNA sequence of exogenous proteins or peptides into the appropriate positions of the structural genes of phage shell proteins，allowing the exogenous genes to be expressed along with the expression of the shell proteins. It has similar advantages to biochips. It can rapidly detect and identify functional genes and protein-protein interactions，and has a good application effect in the research of infectious diseases and vaccine development. This study mainly explores the research and development path of new vaccines based on phage display technology，with the aim of enriching related theoretical research.